THE
MILLENNIUM
AIRCRAFT
UPDATED
H.M.Rusli Harahap,
gelar
Sutan Hamonangan
rusli.harahap@gmail.com
Pamulang
Residence G1
Jalan
Pamulang 2 Raya, Pondok Benda.
.
Tangerang Selatan.
Kode Pos:
15416
2016
Introduction
Ever since industrial revolution surface,
first wave in Europe from 1760 to 1820
and 1840, or at the end of 18th century, or beginning 19th
century, thermo-mechanical energy converter known as: External Combustion
Engines (ECE) and Internal Combustion Engines (ICE) been introduced to run transportation:
on land, on water, and through the air. Since then, people were dreaming to travel
to far-off countries to see for themselves the scenery of the beautiful distant
lands, and meet various cultures of people available on the blue planet. The
dreams were blossomed in the heart of many earth citizens across the globe to
ride: car, train, ship, and airplane never diminish with the passage of
time.
Two technologies have been competing
ever since in market place, each perfected to fulfill demand.
They are: development of Mean Of Transportation, shorten: MOT, to carry people
from home to the dream country to see the land and experience respected culture,
and development of Information and Communication Technology, abbreviated: ICT.
The latter also provided with relevant gadgetry to bring the beautiful scenery
of far off land with its culture back home for people to see; both are
moving at rapid pace.
The problem using MOT, is
environmental pollution introduced by thermo-mechanical energy converter to the
earth environment: on land, on water, and in the air due to the burning of
various fuel, like: solid (coal), liquid (petroleum), and gaseous (natural
gases). Such a pollution had been around
ever since the outbreak of industrial revolution, when steam engine (ECE) were
used to run: factories, industries, railway networks, etc., burning solid fuels
to liberate “heat” by burning coal for conversion into “mechanical energy”. Then
arrived a more efficient ICE burning liquid fuel and gaseous fuel also to get “heat”
for conversion into “mechanical energy”, to run transportation on land, on
water, and through the air, not excluding factories, industries.
There were times when ECE were
predominantly used to power steam locomotives to pull passenger and freight
trains. As soon as ICE appear and been perfected, it replaces ECE to run most of
land transportation, like train, automobiles, motorbikes, etc., crowding roads
and streets in big cities. Similar energy converters also been used for water
transports, sailing: canals, rivers, lakes, seas, and oceans; crowding them
with various boats. With advent ICE, air transportation been introduced in the
United States of America, and ever since the blue planet were crowded with many
type aircraft, run by reciprocating-engines, jet-engines, and turbofan-engines.
Number of thermo-mechanical energy
convertor were rising quickly across the globe with time, burning: solid fuel,
liquid fuel, and gaseous fuel, to get “heat” for conversion into “mechanical
energy” in great demand by various transportation as well as industry. There established
a stream of solid fuel, liquid fuel, and gaseous fuel from the belly of earth migrate
to its surface done by man, to be burned inside various thermo-mechanical
energy converter to get mechanical energy, and releasing exhaust gases to earth
atmosphere around the planet polluting human living environment. The burning of
fuels: solid, liquid, and gaseous, in each thermo-mechanical energy converter causing
unfriendly carbon dioxide release and other toxic material polluting blue
planet environment: atmosphere, land and water, already reach beyond health
limit on many places on earth surface, causing people concern.
High
concentration carbon dioxide along with other toxic gases cause earth air temperature
over planet surface to raise, due to
radiation from the sun reflected by earth surface cannot escape to space blocked
by layers of carbon dioxide and pollutants hanging in the air. Except polluting the earth
environment, the number of thermo-mechanical energy converter on service proportional
with number of the mode of land transportation in drives, while the latter rising
steadily with time around the globe also in correspondence with number of vehicles
produced by all countries on the blue planet. That mean means the number
of Internal Combustion Engine in service every day proportionally with number
of the various mean transportation on: land, water, and through the air.
On
entering the 21st century, already millions of ICE of various made
type and size roaming roads and streets in cities in all countries the world
over. Millions of similar engine already power boats of various make type and
sizes including cargo vessels and cruise liners in various to clog: rivers,
lakes, seas, and ocean, creating congestions around every bays and seaports. Meanwhile
millions of such engines fly aircraft of various make type and size to swarm air
environment around the world’s metropolis across the globe. There are now over 1
(one) billion ICE in service on busy hours of every working days around the
world. Each ICE pumps exhaust gases into the atmosphere to pollute air inhaled
to human lungs. Bear in mind, the earth inhabitant is now around 7 (seven) billion people; how
swift ICE gain number one billion, since outbreak of industrial revolution in
Europe.
A New Breed Aircraft
To get rid environmental pollution threatening
human life on earth. So do the traffic congestion by various mean of transportation
on: roads, streets, which quickly builds up in cities; also same various: boat,
vessel, and liner, crowding the world’s waterways; and aircrafts variety make
type, size, to swarm earth atmosphere around the globe. They are coming to our
life due to the steady rising number of thermo-mechanical energy convertor to
run the various transport of various make, type, size, and country around blue the
planet, and a solution need be found. The latter must take into account access
to the various places on earth surface, considering topographical challenge of terrain
and water; also to switch mind from “think small” to “think big”.
The result is the introduction of “Ultra Large Torus Rotary-wing Aircraft”, abbreviated:
“ULTRA” simply write “Ultra” (Pesawat Gelang Sayap-putar Amat Besar, disingkat
PGSAB); or “A New Breed Aircraft”, shorten NBA (Pesawat-terbang Biakan Baru,
disingkat P2B); and later named: “The New Millennium Aircraft”, shorten NMA
(Pesawat-terbang Milenium Baru, disingkat PMB).
This
paper is about a new breed aircraft called ultra for application in not distant
future. It is about a new breed aircraft to carry “a very heavy load” with a very
large volume”. On entering the 21st century, demand for heavier air-carrier
already envisaged with continuous rise of international trade. Ocean going transportations
are now leaning to developing bigger cargo ships and cruise liners around the world.
Bigger cargo ships are now in demand ferrying: coal, iron ore, minerals, and
the like, with necessary harbors of transshipment for handling merchandise from
land mode transport to ocean going vessel, and the other way round. Big tankers are also in demand to ferry liquids like:
water, palm oil, etc.; also energy: crude oil, LNG, etc. Demand for ocean going
cruise liner for passengers on the rise in various part of the world entering
he third millennium.
The
problem to ferry merchandise with sea transportation inside container ships, is
the need to have harbor for transshipment of consignment with its handling facilities.
The latter is necessary to transfer consignment from land mode transportation to
sea mode transportation on departure, and the other way round on arrival. Such
handling facility also necessary for raw material: iron ore, coal, etc., with
ocean going vessels, or liquid: fuel, palm oil, etc., ferry by tankers. The process
of transshipment takes time, and become time lost in transportation. Other
problem with ocean going transportation is the existence of shallow and narrow
water along a variety sea line around the world, such as: straits or canals.
Such routes limits the size and the drought of vessels allowed sailing, that
mean limit also amount of consignment. Narrow water limit the size of a vessel
allowed pass through, while shallow water limit the drought a vessel allowed
sailing. Narrow water and shallow water, are the two main obstacles a vessel allowed
sailing to ferry consignments between islands and continents, which spell into
more time spent on sea and ocean transportation.
With
advent of millennium aircraft, aforesaid constraints is eliminated because it
flies. Ultra or the new breed aircraft takes off from “land base” of departure
of a country to other “land base” of same country or other country, to ferry
merchandise inside containers, or raw materials, or liquids, even passengers.
It is a kind of “Giant Aircraft Carrier” on earth, abbreviated: GAC. The latter
will ferry “very heavy cargo” as well as “thousands of passengers” from one to
another across the globe. On entering the third millennium, it is time to
migrate moving very heavy load in very large volume, such: commodities inside
containers; or raw materials, crude, etc.; or palm oil, LNG,
water, etc.; by way of GAC. Large number of travelers be carried by “flying
hotel and restaurants”, another variation of GAC for moving large number people
through the air. Having GAC in service for cargo and passengers across the globe,
obstacles encountered by ocean going ships mentioned earlier, or topographical
obstacles encountered by every surface transport on land, as well as shallow
and draught for water transportation, can be avoided with ease, leaving only
a bow or curve in air being travelled to save time and energy.
The
new breed aircraft capable to ferry passengers remain sitting in cars, or
merchandises in truck containers, to get
rid traffic congestion on roads or streets connecting metropolis with the
surroundings. The new breed aircraft also capable be turn into air-ferry to move
passengers insider cars, or merchandises inside truck containers, to free roads
or streets connecting a metropolis with its hinterland on busy hours of working
days.
With
ultra to acts for air-ferry serving metropolis across the globe, one only need
to drive from home to nearby air-ferry “land base”, popularly known as “air-hub”.
Also one need to drive from destination “air-hub” to his/her workplace or
office, while the travel from his/her nearest “air-hub” to destination “air-hub”
be borne by new breed aircraft designed and built for air-ferry. For such short
haul, ultra works as an air-ferry will be able to compete with all mode of surface
transportation in time and convenience.
Such
air-ferry will become the opposite of a subway services in modern metropolis of
our world. With subway service, one need to go down on staircases or escalators
to catch passing trains underground,
while with air-ferry people will picked up right from the nearby “air-hub”, and
ferry them by air to the next “air-hub” of his/her destination.
With
the introduction of new breed aircraft, planning and construction for new
harbor for transshipment of merchandise,
or to ferry for passengers and vehicle from an island to another or continent and
the other way round can be reviewed. This will lead to preservation of the precious
natural environment inherited from nature on land and water; this does not just
on surface but also depth of various water-bodies, like: canals, rivers, lakes,
sea, and ocean. The atmosphere around the earth will be free from pollution, if
the new aircraft powered by high capacity batteries, fuel cells, and energy
coming from a nuclear fusion reaction.
The
new breed aircraft can be an alternative solution to costly undertaking
building roads and streets with multilayer flyovers and interchanges
crisscrossing big cities and metropolis for purpose getting rid of traffic
congestion; also to keep up cities with the annual population rise. With advent
new breed aircraft serve as air-ferry, afore mention undertaking can be eliminated
from planning stage, lead to the preservation of natural living environment on
earth surface granted by mother nature conserved.
Ultra
The idea of a new breed aircraft
came to mind with the desire to get rid of traffic congestion in big cities
and metropolis with “air-ferry” carrying people remain seated in their cars. Fact
has shown, that the current largest fixed-wing aircraft fuselage already approaching
100 meters in length. It is not easy to construct any longer aircraft fuselage without
the provision of bigger airport with longer and wider runway for take-off and
landing.
But,
by transforming aircraft’s fuselage from a straight line to a circle, or from
tube to torus, then migration from fixed-wing to rotary-wing, twin rotors counter-rotating
in the same horizontal plane, there seems a room to rise aircraft dimension. With
the implementation of magnetic levitation technology, the new breed aircraft mighty
have rotors bearings be placed anywhere between center of rotor rotation and
their peripheries. By conducting research on the construction of a very large
dynamic flying structure along with relevant technology, “ultra”, or “a new
breed aircraft”, also called “a millennium aircraft”, could soon become
reality.
The
millennium aircraft is that sort of aircraft to take-off and landing
vertically. It is new type flying machine having “doughnut” or “torus body”
shape where rotors are installed both in the inner as well as outer
circumference of aircraft’s body. Instead of a straight line connecting its cockpit
with tail like the fixed-wing aircraft, ultra has circle so the two ends meet to
create a ring. With such an aircraft fuselage design, two aircraft rotors to be
in operation: one rotor rotates in the inner circumference of the aircraft’s
fuselage, while another in the outer circumference of the fuselage. These rotors
are counter-rotating, they have same center of rotation, and occupy the same horizontal plane. The speed of each rotor
must be set such a way, so the counter-rotating torques created by each rotor
cancel each other to get rid aircraft’s fuselage from spinning. To maintain
aircraft’s external rotor tip exceeding the speed of sound, the rotor rotation must
be limited not to exceed 400 rpm. The inner rotor turns faster than the outer rotor
to counter torque created by the latter.
With
multi blades and counter-rotating rotors in place, the new breed aircraft will take-off
and landing vertically from “land base” built for the aircraft purpose. Another
advantage having torus fuselage is the easy access to aircraft fuselage from
all direction making loading or unloading of merchandise easily done, so do the
passengers get onboard the aircraft or the other way round. With 360 degrees
access to aircraft, stampede of passengers on entering or leaving the aircraft completely
be evaded, and shorten passenger’s boarding time. Passenger can board the
aircraft while driving their car for easy boarding and drive out. Similar with truck
containers along with merchandise inside be ferried by ultra for easy get on
board the aircraft, or leave aircraft the other way round.
With
blade’s pitch and angle with the horizontal are controllable, the new breed
aircraft will easily leave the ground. Having pair ducted propellers run by
electric motor on top of the aircraft’s fuselage for propulsion, the millennium
aircraft will easily maneuver in flight to get to destination. The new breed
aircraft is supposed to fly with medium speed of 500 km per hour.
Ultra
does not need conventional airport with take-off and landing strip, but it requires
“land base for take-off and landing”, known as: ultradrome. An ultradrome can
be established anywhere on islands or continents close to manufacturing centers,
where commodities being produced for export, and been packed into containers
for consignment. Also near various mines, where raw materials like: iron, copper,
aluminum, etc., been extracted from belly of earth; or: oil refinery, smelter, etc.
Ultradrome
can be built in vicinity of world’s metropolis, where a new breed aircraft
serve as “sky-liner” or “air-liner” to ferry thousands of passenger on board
the new breed aircraft like staying in hotels with restaurants. The sky-liner
will travel from one to another city, or from one to another country on islands or continents,
for business or holidays across the various region of the blue planet, or even
to make a journey around the world in several days.
The
millennium aircraft may be established giant measuring hundreds of meters core
diameter, or even over. It will become a very large aircraft ever, or giant air-carrier,
designed and built to ferry commodities, or raw materials, such: mineral ores,
crude oil, water, etc., to take the place of ocean going ships, vessels, or
ships, to get marine pollution down as stipulated by the bio-environment conditions
of the blue planet. The new breed aircraft also established for passengers for sky-liner
or airliner much like a flying hotel with restaurants to compete with large
ocean liners now in operation around the world.
With
emergence of new breed aircraft in various dimension, such as: small, medium, large, very large, and ultra large or giant, with
good combination and right number across the globe to ferry commodity and
passenger as requested by the call of time. The number of transportation of
various mode: on land, on water, and through the air, remain making use
thermo-mechanic energy converter with their new generation remain polluting living
environment around the globe will be limited
to number stipulated by allowed health limit of the blue planet.
The New Breed Aircraft’s Dimensions
For the purpose of introduction, it
is necessary to begin with a new breed aircraft having the Main Dimensions,
shorten MD, as proposed in Figure-I.
Figure-I
There
are three components of the new breed aircraft main dimensions in general, that
is to say:
a – The torus core diameter (m),
b – The diameter of aircraft’s fuselage (m), and
c - The rotor’s blade length (m).
While
for the new breed aircraft of this proposal they are as follows:
a = 1000 m,
b = 200 m, and
c = 150 m.
The
said aircraft dimension to be reached in stages, beginning from: LTRA (Large
Torus Rotary-wing Aircraft) the smallest of aircraft’s family, be followed with
MLTRA (Medium Large Torus Rotary-wing Aircraft) a lower medium, then VLTRA (Very
Large Torus Rotary-wing Aircraft) an upper medium, be ended with ULTRA (Ultra
Large Torus Rotary-wing Aircraft) the largest of the family.
For
research and development purpose, smaller size of new breed aircraft for models
be introduced to get the new breed aircraft behavior in flight, such as:
a. 0.5 % of MD for experiments with mechanical bearing,
b. 2 % of MD for experiments with magnetic
bearing,
c. etc.
The
new breed aircraft fuselage been divided horizontally, and consists of two compartments,
the upper part and the lower part. The upper part reserved for the prime source
of energy, such: conventional fuel, liquid hydrogen, LNG, batteries, as well as
nuclear fuel. All kind of aircraft’s power equipment, such:
thermo-mechanical-electric convertors, electric power system and distribution,
control board and panels, protections, as well as monitoring systems, etc., are
also located in the upper compartment. So do both aircraft’s rotors along with its
mechanical or magnetic levitation bearings, motors to turn aircraft rotors
mechanical mechanically or by way of linear motor, etc., are also placed in the
upper compartment.
The
new millennium aircraft’s upper compartment also reserved for the cockpit, from
where the aircraft controlled in flight, along with flight control and the
respective air navigation system. The new breed aircraft been equipped with
Radar System for Collide-Avoidance (RSCA) in flight, as well as Aircraft’s
Crash-Avoidance System (ACAS) be placed in the aircraft’s upper compartment.
The
lower compartment reserved for payload, such: merchandise, raw material: ores,
coal, etc.; or liquid: crude oils, water, etc.; or gaseous: LNG, etc. For a sky
liner the lower compartment reserved for passenger cabins and restaurants. For mix
payloads, the lower compartment to be divided into commodity zones and passenger
areas.
New Breed Aircraft Technology
There are a number of ways thing can
fly in the air. Nature has introduced birds with a pair of flapping-wings, while
flies and bees making use a pair of vibrating-wings. Man introduced fixed-wings
aircraft with propulsion and rotary-wings helicopters. Which give birth to the
four known principle of aircraft’s dynamic flying having wings, known: flapping-wings,
vibrating-wings, fixed-wings, and rotary-wings.
The
new breed aircraft belongs to rotary-wings aircraft having lift generated like most
of the aircraft do, where an airfoil made to advance against a still air. Lift
produced depends on airfoil design, angle of attack, and the relative speed of
advance. In a rotary-wings aircraft including the new breed aircraft, the
aircraft does not need to move against still air to create lift, but the rotor
blades need to advance against the still air.
Most
rotary-wings aircraft or helicopter has one rotor on top of the aircraft's fuselage
to been accompanied with counter-torque propeller at tail working horizontally to
enable the aircraft leaves the ground. Other rotary-wings aircraft been provided
with two rotors on top of aircraft’s fuselage: one having single shaft with
twin rotors, one rotor on top of the other, counter-rotating without
counter-torque propeller at tail. Another a double shafts in tandem on
top of the aircraft’s fuselage, lay side by side at the same horizontal plane; or
at a different horizontal plane, each rotor turn in same rotor rotation, or counter
rotating, without counter-torque propeller at tail.
The
new breed aircraft belongs to rotary-wings aircraft with a single axis of
rotation, called: Center of Rotors Rotation abbreviated: CRR, or the aircraft’s
center point. It is equipped with two rotors, one rotor lay inside of the torus
fuselage known as: “inner rotor”, while the other rotor lay outside torus fuselage
known as: “outer rotor”. Both rotors occupy the same horizontal plane, but counter-rotating
to get rid aircraft’s body from spinning. A CRR is just a virtual point,
because one cannot establish any mechanical link between aircraft’s fuselage
and rotors to transfer the aircraft’s weight at that point, as one can find in most
conventional helicopters.
If
one walks away from the center point or CRR as the rotor rotating, he/she
inscribe a virtual circle. The further left CRR, the larger the diameter of the
circle will be. When one reach the inner torus diameter, he/she will arrive at
the Inner Torus Radius, abbreviated: ITR, of the new breed aircraft’s fuselage.
If one goes further, he/she will get at the outer torus diameter, called the
Outer Torus Radius, abbreviated: OTR, of aircraft’s fuselage. Both ITR and OTR
are the two important positions of the new breed aircraft’s fuselage, and because
those points the new breed aircraft’s weight may be transferred to both rotors
by mechanical or other means.
To
establish mechanical or other mean of contact between new breed aircraft’s
fuselage with its rotors, a combination
of “ring and lining”, or pair of “ring and lining” are necessary: one to be located
at ITR, and the other at OTR of the new breed aircraft’s fuselage, as seen in
Figure-II. The rings been built out of hard steel for strength. To improve ring
resistance against torque load introduced by rotor blades on take-off and fly
to destination, every ring have to be designed with right diameter and relevant
thickness to allow each ring hollow out.
Figure-II
A
number of blades connected to the inner rotor ring horizontally pointing toward
the new breed aircraft CRR. The same number blades also connected to the outer
rotor ring horizontally, but pointing against CRR. Each aircraft’s rotor blade,
either be attached to the inner rotor ring as well as the outer rotor ring, must
have two degrees of freedom: one along the blade's length for pitching, and
with respect to the horizontal plane for rolling.
When
the aircraft rotor turns, every blade will generate a lift. The inner rotor
lift will be the sum of lifts generated by all blades connected to the inner
ring. Similarly, the outer rotor lift will be the sum of all lifts generated by
blades connected to the outer ring. The new breed aircraft's lift will be the
sum of lifts generated by the inner and the outer rotor ring, constitute the
new breed aircraft’s or ultra’s lift for the take-off from ground.
The
inner rotor turns in one direction, while the outer rotor turns in the opposite
direction to establish a pair of counter-rotating new breed aircraft rotors. The
speed of every rotor rotation must be set in such a way to allow the counter-acting
torque generated by each rotor perfectly equalizes each other. By maintaining
these counter-acting action balance each other in real time all the way during the
aircraft flight to destination, the new breed aircraft’s fuselage will never
spin to one, or another direction.
The Technology of Wight Transfer
There are technologies by which a
new breed aircraft can transfer weight of its fuselage to rotors, that is to
say: “contact transfer”, and “contactles transfer”. With either by way, ring
lining pair is necessary been placed in the inner torus along ITR as well as the
outer torus along OTR of new breed
aircraft. With contact transfer technology, the space between ring and its lining
filled with liquid lubricant to get rid mechanical friction causing material to
erode and the loss of energy. This give birth to Mechanical Transfer Technology with Lubricant, shorten MTT&L.
With contactles transfer technology, the space between ring and its lining
filled with magnetic field, giving: Magnetic
Field Transfer Technology, shorten MFTT. There are two technology available for new breed aircraft to transfer its
fuselage weight to both rotors, as follows:
a.
The Mechanical Transfer Technology with Lubricant
Figure-III
Figure-III
is the illustration of a pair of “ring and lining” of MTT&L for a new breed
aircraft to let the new breed aircraft’s weight been transferred to both
rotors, also known as: “mechanical bearing” with liquid lubrication. As one can
see from the drawing, there has to be a lubrication “room” between each ring and
its lining, to enable the lubricant get into the space to get rid mechanical
friction between the fast moving part or ring with the stationary lining as
well as the loss of energy.
There
are in fact two lubricant layers separating every ring from its lining: the upper
lubricant layer and the lower lubricant layer. These lubricant
layers, except separating the fast moving part from its stationary to evade the
physical contact between them; also work as medium of weight transfer from the new
breed aircraft’s fuselage and to both rotors. In this way, the new breed’s
aircraft’s inner lining called ITR and the outer lining called OTR, become the points
of contact between the new breed aircraft’s fuselage with its rotors.
To
enhance lubrication function to separate the aircraft’s fast moving parts with its
stationaries to evade friction and loss
of energy, lubrication pressure must be raised to certain level. The latter leads
to a complicated lubrication system design and construction along with the necessary
sealing etc., to get rid lubricant leakage. This become the disadvantage of using
LMTT for the new breed aircraft, because it is impossible to maintain a high
pressure liquid inside each pair of ring and lining as shown in Figure-III
leakage free. A high pressure put into an open lubrication system will inevitably incur the loss
of large quantity of the precious liquid.
The
other disadvantage implementing MTT&L for the new breed airvraft by way
pairs of ring and lining along with liquid lubricant in between the fast moving
parts and their stationaries, is to put aircraft’s rotors into rotation by
mechanical mean. The power has to come from two independent prime movers, being
transferred by two sets of shaft systems along with the required gears being delivered
directly to each rotor ring of the new breed aircraft.
The
challenge implementing MTT&L for the new breed aircraft lies in the effectiveness
mechanical power coming from two independent prime movers may be orchestrated to
turn counter rotating rotors of a new
breed aircraft, and the establishment efficient high pressure lubrication system
in spaces between the high speed moving part or rotor with its lining or
stationary.
b.
The Magnetic Field Transfer Technology
Figure-IV
A laboratory research need be done from scratch to
develop CEMB to get the right design along with electromagnetic component, field
arrangement, dimension, field strength, electronic control system, and testing
for the new breed aircraft. With CEMB consists of EDS and EMS Combine Systems, the
magnetic field will work in unison to levitate each ring inside its lining
under the supervision of a given program controlled by a swift response electronic
system.
Figure-IV
shows a pair MFTT “ring and lining” for the new breed aircraft to transfer its weight
from fuselage to both rotors. Here magnetic field been used to get rid problems
raised by MTT&L. Here rotor rings will levitate inside magnetic linings to get
rid physical contact between the fast moving parts and their stationeries by varying
magnetic field strength, and is known as: “magnetic bearing”. In latter
technology, magnetic field would take the place of liquid lubricant to transfer
aircraft’s weight from fuselage to aircraft’s rotors: first from aircraft’s
linings to magnetic fields, and then from magnetic fields to aircraft’s rotor
rings, as seen in the drawing. And hence pair of “magnetic levitation ring inside
the lining” been born for the new breed aircraft. Currently magnetic levitation
technology undergoing research now in developed countries for application in
transportation of various mode, among them:
1. Electro-Magnetic Suspension (EMS)
2. Electro-Dynamic Suspension (EDS)
3. Superconducting Magnetic Levitation (SML)
Having
magnetic field in the spaces between rings and their linings, a new breed
aircraft will be able to get rid unwanted physical contact between rings and
their linings, or fast moving parts with their stationary, to avoid mechanical
friction causing erosion of materials and the unintended loss of energy. With
implementation of magnetic levitation technology, the new breed aircraft’s
weight be transferred to both rotors, first:
from the linings to magnetic fields, and second
by the latter to each ring of the aircraft’s rotors. The ring levitation inside
its lining will be controlled and monitored in real time in a precise range of
tolerance by digital electronic system. The position of each ring inside its
lining done by varying the ampere-turn of magnetic field strength of coils involved
by combine action.
The Magnetic Field Transfer
Technology
To switch the new breed aircraft’s
weight transfer from MTT&L to MFTT, means, with aircraft weight transfer make over from lubrication
filling the gap to the magnetic field. With MTT&L, there are two liquid
layers involve transferring aircraft’s weight to its rotors, i.e.: upper liquid
layer and lower liquid layer of liquid lubrication.
These
lubrication layers work as “double bearing” for the new breed aircraft rotor
rings: “upper liquid bearing” and “lower liquid bearing”; both hand in hand transfer
the aircraft’s fuselage weight to both rotor rings. With new breed aircraft’s, weight
transfer change from “lubrication” to “magnetic field” same approach will also be
followed with the introduction of: “upper magnetic bearing” and “lower magnetic
bearing”. Both bearings will dynamically levitate the new breed aircraft rings
inside their linings on take-off as well as flight to destination. There should
be magnetic field combine actions happen between every pair of ring lining of each
rotor to occur in real time, managed by a swift response electronic control system
during take-off and flight to destination. The weight be transferred by combine
magnetic system from aircraft fuselage to each rotor as the following:
1. The EMS and EDS Combine System
2. The Double SML Combine System
3. The Other Combine System
1. The EMS and EDS Combine System
The idea introduced by MTT&L for
new breed aircraft’s to transfer aircraft’s weight from fuselage to its rotors,
leads to the development MFTT, or “pair of magnetic lining” or for new breed
aircraft. The pair of “electro-magnetic lining and ring”, also called a “Controlled
Electro-Magnetic Bearing”, shorten CEMB, with an ultimate purpose to levitate
rotor rings inside the linings to transfer the new breed aircraft weight to both
rotors. A proposal for CEMB equipped with EDS and EMS combine system to transfer
the new breed aircraft weight been illustrated in Figure-V.
Gambar-Va
During
flight to destinations the EMS system acts as CEMB lower bearing to pulls both the
inner and outer rotors rings down, while EDS system acts as CEMB upper bearings
to push both the inner and outer rotor rings down. The pull-push combine action
of EMS and EDS system will keep the fast moving or speeding inner and outer rotors
rings to levitate inside their linings. CEMB use for linings to levitate rings of
a new breed aircraft may be called: “magnetic levitation bearing”, or “maglev
bearing” for short. By the way, a new breed aircraft’s rotors will be able to
get rid a physical contact with their linings to avoid friction and the loss of
energy.
The new breed aircraft’s working
regime includes: take-off, flying to destination, landing, and parking,
has many things to do with EMS and EDS Combine System get rid the physical
contact between rings and their linings in the course of time to avoid
mechanical friction and loss of energy. That is why the design of CEMBs has to involve
those aircraft’s required working regimes also.
Only electric power is needed to
maintain magnetic field strength of each CEMB consists of EMS and EDS Combine Systems
for a ring to levitate in its lining, much like the one been achieved by German electro-magnetic system (EMS) for train
levitation, and Japanese electro-dynamic system (EDS) also for trains levitation.
Loss of electricity means loss of magnetic field strength, which lead to
the fall of each ring onto its lining causing mechanical friction to emerge and
loss of energy.
In case electrical energy loss, the
inner and outer rotor rings will directly fall onto their linings creating mechanical
friction between fast moving parts with their linings, introducing material
erosion and the loss of energy. To get rid of this thing to occur, “horizontal
axis rollers” need to be introduced on top and at the bottom of the inner and
outer new breed aircraft’s rotor. Such roller be placed along the length of the
inner and outer rotor at a carefully selected distance. Such rollers should be
available on each aircraft’s rotor with certain clearance. Bear in mind, that the
“roller clearance” with each rotor must be “less” than it makes with the “lining”,
in order during electrical power loss, rotors will soon get in touch with
rollers instead of their linings. Please note, if power loss to CEB occur
during the new breed aircraft fly to its destination, the new breed aircraft’s rings
will fall onto the “upper rollers”, while if electrical power loss to CEMB
happen while the new breed aircraft remain parking on ultradrome, both rings
fall onto “bottom rollers”.
Various researches still need to be done on
getting information on the afore said matter, especially measurement to get the
right dimension to establish aircraft’s model that can really fly in the air.
Also the cross section of the aircraft rotors, so far accepted to be a circular,
and what if a square, or other form of ring cross section, etc.? Or should
rotor rollers need be driven by an electrical motor to get it surface match the
linear speed of each aircraft’s rotor ring?
Figure-Vb
During
flight, the EMS system will work as maglev's lower bearings and pull the inner
and outer rings together down, while EDS system will act as maglev's upper bearings
to push both inner and outer rings also down. The push-pull action of combine
EDS and EMS system will keep all fast moving inner and outer rings to levitate
inside the “maglev linings”. This way both NBA’s rotors rings can get rid
physical contact with their linings to hinder friction and loss of energy. All
working regimes executed by NBA like: take-off, flying, landing, and parking,
has anything to do with the combine effort of EMS and EDS system to get rid
physical contact between rings and their linings to hinder friction and energy
loss. Therefore design of MLL has to cover those important working regimes also.
Only
electric power is needed to maintain magnetic field strength in EMS and EDS
combine action for each ring to levitate inside the lining; much like the
one that has been achieved by German or Japanese maglev train. Loss of
electricity will mean loss of magnetic field bearing, and this translate
into the fall of each ring onto their linings, emergence of mechanical
friction accompanied with erosion of material, loss of energy, and the
eradication of heat.
2. The Double SML Combine System
The other alternative of CEMB for
the new breed aircraft to transfer its fuselage weight to its rotors by way of
magnetic field is the application of a Double SML Combine System, as
illustrated in Figure-VI.
Figure-VI
The
difference between a Double SML Combine System with a Combine EMS and EDS System
described previously, is the implementation of superconductors from Yttrium
Barium Copper Oxide (YBa2Cu3O7-x), being
cooled by liquid nitrogen to reach its critical temperature of 92 K (-181 ºC).
In
a double SML system, a superconductor will
act as CEMB upper bearing to push both the inner and outer aircraft’s
rings down, while second SML act as CEMB lower bearing to pull both the
inner and outer rings down. The advantage of implementing a Double SML Combine
System differ from an EDS and EMS Combine Systems is in the fact that, once the
system been notified on the “clearance” each ring has to make with its lining,
a Double SML Combine System will instantly do the push-pull action in
accordance with the clearance already memorized previously by the Double SML
Combine System.
With
the implementation of a Double SML Combine System, the armatures need to be
cool down to material transition temperature to activate its superconducting
property.
3. Other Combine System
Further research need to be done to find
other alternative of CEMB with better performance characteristic and quality as
well as response for both the upper as well as the lower maglev bearing. Aside of
better design, new materials need to be introduced as well as design of electronic
control system. The aim is to have a much simpler, reliable, and dependable maglev technology with easy maintenance, consume less
electrical energy, as well as a long service life.
The New Breed Aircraft
Propulsion
To fly the new breed aircraft to its
destination an aircraft propulsion is necessary. The aircraft to be equipped with
two propellers housed in a duct driven by electric motors. The prime
conventional source of energy on board the
aircraft, like: liquid fuel, gaseous fuel, nuclear, are for conversion into
electricity by means of thermo-mechanical-electric converters. Other prime
source of energy, including high capacity batteries, liquid hydrogen for
conversion into electricity by mean of fuel cells.
The
new breed aircraft is supposed to have two propellers each housed in a duct, known
as: Ducted Fan Propeller, abbreviated DFP. The DFP are diametrically positioned
on top of the aircraft’s fuselage. The combine action of these propellers will determine
total trust generated, and course of the new breed aircraft’s flight and speed
to destination. The flight direction be easily changed by way counter-torque introduced
by each of the aircraft’s rotor generated, or discrepancy of trust emerging from
the new breed aircraft’s propulsion. Figure-VII indicates where the new breed
aircraft’s propulsion been installed on top of aircraft’s fuselage.
Figure-VII
The New Breed Aircraft Energy Source
Due to the new breed aircraft dimension is very big in
size, capable to carry very heavy load or very large volume, such as:
merchandise in large amount, or raw materials, or passengers in large number;
the aircraft will be very heavy and require very enormous power for take-off
and fly to destination.
Conventional
fuel is not suitable for the new breed aircraft the prime source of energy,
because chemical reaction arises from burning: solid, liquid, or gaseous fuel, has
low energy content, only few eV per unit mass. Such an energy sources takes up
high percentage aircraft weight as well as volume for the fuel storage and
requires frequent refueling. Other disadvantage of conventional fuels, except
hydrogen use as fuel, they pollute human living environment around the globe with
carbon dioxides and other toxic gases. Conventional fuel been used only for the
new breed aircraft of smaller sizes like aircraft’s experimental models for gathering
in flight information, and other assignments purposes.
On
the other hand, nuclear fuels contain ten million times more usable energy
per unit mass, therefore suitable for the prime source of energy without the
need to have large fuel storage in the new breed aircraft, and require long
time refueling. A nuclear fission reaction releases about two hundred million
eV (200 MeV) energy per unit mass for every event.
A
nuclear fission reaction releases vast amount kinetic energy of nuclear fragments
along with electromagnetic radiation in the form of gamma rays inside the
reactor. These energies later been converted into heat by way of particles
collide with atoms and gamma rays radiation of materials that make up reactor as
well as its working fluid mostly water or occasionally heavy water.
The
vast amount of usable energy per unit mass contain in nuclear fuel makes it the
right prime source of energy for new breed aircraft, both the nuclear fission
reaction as well as the nuclear fusion reaction, because each nuclear reaction liberates
enormous amount of energy needed by the giant aircraft on take-off and fly to
destination. The aircraft does not require space for fuel storage board the
aircraft along with frequent refueling, but instead a period of refueling of say
once every 5 to 10 years.
With the introduction of liquid Fluoride
Thorium Reactor (LFTR) in the 1960s replacing conventional light water reactor,
reactor cores does not need to be pressurized; a Molten Salt Reactor (MSR) came
into existence ever since, and Thorium
Energy Program spread to various countries. With advent thorium reactor and safer
material mean it can be supplied at a lower cost with far fewer security needs.
A thorium nuclear energy scheme to be developed for use in future new breed
aircraft.
With
German success with nuclear fusion reaction experiment producing helium in
Wendelstein 7-X stellarator, first trial on last December 20, 2015 in Bavaria,
the clean source of nuclear energy from the fusion of hydrogen isotopes are
open for exploitation by the new breed aircraft without fear of the radioactive
radiation danger of nuclear reaction.
The
new breed aircraft is electrically powered flying machine, because the
aircraft consumes mostly electrical energy. Electric power is used for the
levitation aircraft’s rings inside their
lining magnetically, run linear motors to turn the aircraft’s rotors for
lifting the aircraft, run the aircraft propulsion for flight to destination, lighting,
aircraft’s control system and navigation, and so forth. Also run all sort of
aircraft’s monitoring system, run telecommunication system, aircraft avionics, in
flight Radar System for Collide-Avoidance (RSCA), as well as the real time
Aircraft’s Crash-Avoidance System (ACAS), and many others.
The heat liberated by a nuclear fusion
reactor will be first converted into electricity by way
Thermo-Mechanical-Electric Converter, shorten TMEC, and acts as aircraft power block. Each unit of power block
to consist of:
- a set nuclear fusion reactor for the generation heat energy;
- a steam generator unit for the conversion water into high pressure steam,
or a gas generator
unit for the conversion normal gas pressure into high pressure gas;
- a set of turbine for the conversion steam potential energy into mechanical
energy, or for
the conversion potential energy high pressure gas into mechanical energy;
- a set of high voltage generator for conversion mechanical energy into
electricity.
The
number of TMEC’s block on board the new breed aircraft on the upper compartment
could be 3 or 4 units, are equally spaced. Such an arrangement is necessary to get
the aircraft’s load distribution on board the aircraft equalizes, to allow the
latter stable in flight to destination be found in Figure-VII.
Figure-VIII
With the block number more than one, means each unit by power, weight, as well as volume, become smaller. The total power generated is equal the maximum power required by the aircraft in MW for take-off at its maximum weight, having some percentage of overhead power reserve. The power of one block will be the maximum power of the new breed aircraft divided by number of power block been installed on board the aircraft
The Thermo-Electric Converter
There are some ways heat energy liberated
by a nuclear fusion reactor on board the new breed aircraft be converted into
electricity , that is to say: the Thermonuclearfission-Mechanical-Electric
Convertor, shorten TnfiMEC, and the Thermonuclearfusion-Electric Convertor,
shorten TnfuEC.
a. The TnfiMEC and TnfuMEC
A Thermonuclearfission-Mechanical-Electric
Converter (TnfiMEC) is similar completely with standard aggregate of coal fired electric
power plant to consist of: a boiler for generation high pressure steam, a turbine
for conversion the potential energy high pressure steam into mechanical energy,
and a high voltage generator for the generation of electrical energy. In the case TnfiMEC
boiler replace by nuclear fission reactor, with nuclear fission reaction taking
place inside the reactor.
A Thermonucleadfusion-Mechanical-Electric
Converter (TnfuMEC) is also same with a standard aggregate of coal fired
electric power plant to consist of: a boiler for generation high pressure
steam, a turbine for conversion the potential energy high pressure steam into
mechanical energy, and a high voltage generator for the generation of electricity. In the case of TnfuMEC boiler replace
by nuclear fusion reactor, with nuclear fusion reaction taking place inside the
reactor.
For the time being, a nuclear
fission reactor, or a nuclear fusion reactor,
is to involve as heat generator and be part of the new breed aircraft’s power
block along with the following: Pressure Water Reactor (PWR), or Boiling Water
Reactor (BWR), or Advance Gas Cooled Reactor (AGCR), or similar other. While for the nuclear fusion reactor to take part
in the power block is a tokamak with magnetic confinement technology to keep
the extreme high temperature plasma away from the reactor’s chamber walls.
The efficiency of a super critical pressure coal fired power
plants at 300 bar steam pressure and 600 °C temperature in the range of 42% to
48 %. In a nuclear power plants having Rankine thermodynamic cycle on the steam
turbine side and steam temperatures at saturated conditions, the thermal cycle
efficiency is lower, and only about 38 %.
b. The TnfiEC and TnfuEC
Currently efficiency of a static
thermoelectric converter with no moving parts remains slim, and consequently
little electricity that been generated by the system measured in kW. Such type converter
although ideal for installation on board the new breed aircraft, but from
standpoint generating electric power is
useless. The converter still undergoing research and development in various country to improve the efficiency of direct
thermal energy conversion into electricity for use in power plants. As the
consequence, a TnfiEC or TnfuEC for
power plant for the new breed aircraft will not be available in foresee able future.
The TnfiMEC or TnfuMEC for New Breed
Aircraft
There are two prime source of energy
for new breed aircraft from nuclear reaction for conversion into electricity to
satisfy the new breed aircraft’s thirst of power: the nuclear fission reaction
and the nuclear fusion reaction. Each reaction will release enormous amount of
heat energy that been revealed by the famous Einstein’s energy-mass formula: E = mc2.
The thermal energy liberated or heat will be converted into electrical energy by
TnfiMC or TnfuMC block on board the new breed aircraft.
1. The Nuclear Fission Reaction
A nuclear fission
reaction is to split massive atomic nucleus into subatomic particles with the release
of photons in the form of gamma rays, free neutrons, and others. A typical
fission reaction involving 235U and neutron is the following:
23592U + n = 23692U,
and be
followed by the emergence of Barium, Kripton, neutron, and the release of heat
energy.
23692U = 14456Ba + 89 36Kr
+ 3n + 177 MeV
Note: This equation is
borrowed from: http//www.diffen.com.
Nuclear
fission reaction been used in many countries since the Word War II ended for
power plants to generate electricity. A lot information and experiences have
been collected ever since, and been documented in various scientific books and
journals across the globe.
Fission
reactor already been applied as prime source of energy for marine propulsion like
aircraft carrier for many years without the need frequent refueling, also submarine
capable submerging underwater continuously in months without the need to
surface during that period.
One
disadvantage of nuclear fission reactor for use as prime source of energy for
the new breed aircraft is the radioactivity fall-out releases to living environment
in the form of alpha and gamma rays, aside from the atomic fragments and
energy.
With
advent of new generation nuclear fission reactor with lesser radioactive fall-outs
released to the environment, a prospect for nuclear power for transportation is
in vision. With application of new generation fission reactor, new breed
aircraft may get its prime source energy from fission nuclear reactor for the
maiden flight.
Figure
IXa shows a TnfiMEC block as prime
source of electrical energy coming from a nuclear fission reactor generally
known as PWR.
Figure-IXa
2. The Nuclear Fusion Reaction
A fusion reaction is the combination of two or more light nuclei atomic
number to form new element of higher atomic number (more protons inside the
nucleus). With
current technology, the readily feasible reaction is between nuclei of two
heavy isotopes of hydrogen deuterium (D) and tritium (T); they are both the isotopes of hydrogen. Each D-T fusion event to be followed with
the emergence of Helium, and neutron, accompanied with release heat energy due to
the annihilation of matter, as follows:
2 1Deuterium
+ 3 1Tritium = 42He + 10n
+ 17.6 MeV (2.8 x 10-12 joule).
Note: This equation is borrowed from:
http//www.diffen.com.
Currently,
two different experimental approaches been studied, that is to say: the fusion
reaction with magnetic confinement and the fusion reaction having inertial
confinement. The most effective magnetic configuration is a magnetic
confinement in a torus shaped much like thin doughnut, in which the magnetic
field been curved around to create a closed loop.
There
are some number torus confinement systems available for nuclear fusion reaction,
and the most important of all is the tokamak that means in Russian: a "torus
chamber". Today, many countries are taking part in nuclear fusion reaction
research led by the association of: European Union, USA, Russia and Japan, with
vigorous programs including China, Brazil, Canada, and Korea.
The
Joint European Torus (JET) is so far the largest tokamak operating in the world
today. Up to 16 MW fusion power for one second had been achieved in D-T plasmas
making use the device, as well as experiments conducted to study the different
heating schemes and other techniques.
Collaboration
was established under the auspices of IAEA, between 1988 and 1990, the initial
designs were drawn up for an International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor
(ITER) with the aim to prove that fusion reaction could produce useful electrical
energy.
In
1998, the ITER Council approved the first comprehensive design of a fusion
reactor based on well-established physics, and technology in the building
ITER-Fusion Energy Advanced Tokamak (ITER-FEAT), but still achieve the targets
of a self-sustaining reaction and net energy gain.
After
15 years of deliberation, the international scientific community has chosen
Cadarache in the southern France, as site for the international ITER project,
with which scientists hope to tap the energy from a thermonuclear fusion source.
Note: Condense from “The Encyclopedia of Earth”.
The
implementation of “nuclear fissile fuels” or “nuclear fusion fuels” for the prime
source of energy of the new breed aircraft, also mean the installation of heavy
machinery in large size, like: nuclear fission reactor or nuclear fusion
reactor, TMEC units, electric power distribution, and accessories, etc., on
board the aircraft. For the new breed aircraft, such heavy machinery in large
size pose no problem for installation, because the upper compartment has a lot of
space for the equipment available.
The amount of energy liberated by a nuclear fusion reaction is
about three to four times greater than energy released by a nuclear fission
reaction. This is because the mass transformed into energy in fusion reaction
is much larger in comparison with the fission reaction.
Figure
IXb illustrates a TnfuMEC unit with the prime energy source coming from
a nuclear fusion reactor known as tokamak.
Figure-IXb
The New Breed Aircraft’s Power
System
The power generated by TnfiMEC or TnfuMEC
blocks onboard the aircraft are sent to the main switchboard as shown in
Figure-X.
Figure-X
As
seen from the drawing, there are three generators supplying electric power into
the main switchboard on board the new breed aircraft. The generated power fed into
outgoing feeders as the following:
1.
6 (six) feeders for the inner ring magnetic levitation bearing
2. 6 (six) feeders for the outer ring magnetic
levitation bearing
3. 6 (six) feeders for the inner ring linear motors
4. 6 (six) feeders for the outer ring linear motors
5.
2 (two) feeders for the ducted electric motor propulsions
6. 6 (six) feeders for the reactor and boiler pumps
7. 2 (two) feeders for the Radar
System in flight Collide-Avoidance (RSCA), and
Aircraft’s
Crash-Avoidance System (ACAS) real time monitoring
8. 1 (one) feeder for the telecommunication, avionic, navigation, control and
real time monitoring, and
so on.
9. 1 (one) feeder for aircraft’s air condition and cabin pressurization system,
lighting,
and soon.
10. 1 (one) feeder for the aircraft emergency
power supply.
The New Breed Aircraft’s Impact on Ecosystem
The new breed aircraft impact on the
living environment on earth will depend on the prime source of energy been used.
With conventional fuel burned except hydrogen, carbon dioxides be released into
the surrounding air and variety toxic gases.
If
the new breed aircraft consume nuclear fuels, radioactive fall-outs be released
to the living environment, much depends on nuclear fuel used and generation of
nuclear fission reaction technology put on board the aircraft generating
electricity. Newer generation of nuclear fission like thorium reactor releases less
radioactive fall-out into human living environment.
According
to report released, a thermonuclear fusion reaction is cleaner than a nuclear
fission reactor for the generation of electrical power in terms of polluting
biological surroundings on earth surface.
Thermonuclear
fusion reactor will be a better candidate for the prime source of energy for the
future new breed aircraft also known as ultra.
The New Breed Aircraft’s Design Variation
Except the one shown in Figure-I, the
new breed aircraft may also be constructed with other rotor arrangements for application
in various field, as shown in Figure-XI the following:**
a. Double
Counter-Rotating Inner Rotors
The aircraft’s outer rotor as shown in Figure-I been removed to be relocated into
ITR, and
let its counter-rotating rotor be relocated
right below the existing rotor, as shown in Figure-
XIa. The rest unchanged.
b. Double Counter-Rotating
Outer Rotors
The aircraft’s inner rotor as shown in Figure-I been removed, and to be
relocated into OTR,
to let its counter-rotating rotor be relocated right below the existing rotor,
as shown in
Figure-XIb. The rest remain same.
c. A Single
Inner Rotor with Counter Torque coming from Propulsions
The aircraft’s outer rotor as shown
in Figure-I, is eliminated. The counter-torque required
for take-off will be borne by propulsion.
Depend on direction of rotor rotation,
a propulsion come to produce
the necessary counter-torque be followed by another to get
rid the aircraft’s fuselage from spin. Every
aircraft’s propulsion has its own spin axis
to alter direction of propeller’s thrust.
d. A Single
Outer rotor with Counter Torque coming from Propulsions
The aircraft’s inner rotor shown in
Figure-I, been eliminated. The counter-torque required
for take-off will be borne by
propulsion. Depend on direction of rotor rotation,
a propulsion come first to produce the necessary
counter-torque be followed by another
to get rid the aircraft’s fuselage from
spin. Every aircraft’s propulsion has its own spin axis
to alter direction of propeller’s thrust.
e. Personal Flyer
A personal flyer is a twin rotor counter-rotating small aircraft powered
by high power
battery. Each rotor has its own magnetic
levitation bearings driven by linear motors.
The battery pack is located under flyer’s seat, while a safety parachute is inside
stationary
dome over the rotors. Propulsion comes
from a propeller driven by an electric motor
or wind deflector mounted right behind
flyer’s seat.
Figure-XI
a. Double Counter-Rotating Inner Rotors
The aircraft’s outer rotor as shown in Figure-I been removed to be relocated into
ITR, and
let its counter-rotating rotor be relocated
right below the existing rotor, as shown in Figure-
XIa. The rest unchanged.
b. Double Counter-Rotating
Outer Rotors
The aircraft’s inner rotor as shown in Figure-I been removed, and to be
relocated into OTR,
to let its counter-rotating rotor be relocated right below the existing rotor,
as shown in
Figure-XIb. The rest remain same.
c. A Single
Inner Rotor with Counter Torque coming from Propulsions
The aircraft’s outer rotor as shown
in Figure-I, is eliminated. The counter-torque required
for take-off will be borne by propulsion.
Depend on direction of rotor rotation,
a propulsion come to produce the necessary
counter-torque be followed by another to get
rid the aircraft’s fuselage from spin. Every
aircraft’s propulsion has its own spin axis
to alter direction of propeller’s thrust.
d. A Single
Outer rotor with Counter Torque coming from Propulsions
The aircraft’s inner rotor shown in Figure-I,
been eliminated. The counter-torque required
for take-off will be borne by
propulsion. Depend on direction of rotor rotation,
a propulsion come first to produce the necessary
counter-torque be followed by another
to get rid the aircraft’s fuselage from
spin. Every aircraft’s propulsion has its own spin axis
to alter direction of propeller’s thrust.
e. Personal Flyer
A personal flyer is a twin rotor counter-rotating small aircraft powered
by high power
battery. Each rotor has its own magnetic
levitation bearings driven by linear motors.
The battery pack is located under flyer’s seat, while a safety parachute is inside
stationary
dome over the rotors. Propulsion comes
from a propeller driven by an electric motor
or wind deflector mounted right behind
flyer’s seat.
The Application of New Breed
Aircraft
Various application
of the new breed aircraft, especially of very heavy freight air ferry to carry goods
(merchandise in containers) as well as passengers across the blue planet.
I. Freight Air Service
1. Airborne Container Service (ACS)
Ferry products, commodities, etc.,
inside containers.
2. Airborne Salvage Aircraft (ASA)
To act of saving goods from wreck
ships, destruction, loss damages, etc.
3. Airborne Heavy Mover (AHM)
For moving: houses, buildings, factories, etc.
4. Airborne Tanker (AT)
Ferry various liquid.
5. Airborne Cargo Service (ACS)
Transportation of materials: mineral ore,
scrap metal, garbage, etc.
6. Airborne Heavy Lift (AHL)
For the construction of: bridge, prefabricated houses
and buildings, etc.
7. Etc.
II.
Passenger Air Service
1. Worldwide Passenger Air Service
(WPAS)
Region and global air travel
with hotels and restaurants.
2. Country Air Travel
(CAT)
Flying Hotel and Restaurant short
haul of local service.
3. Airborne World Travel (AWT)
Travel adventure around of world
tourism service.
4. Airborne Pilgrimage Service
(APS)
APS will ferry pilgrims from
around the world to every religious Holy Land and
back home. This way will alleviate surface transports in and around the Holy
Land as well as nearby cities to
get rid of traffic congestion.
5. Etc.
III. Air Fire Fighting
1. Airborne Fire
Fighter (AFF)
2. Airborne Fire Extinguisher
(AFE)
3. Airborne Wild Fire Extinguisher
(AWFE)
3. Airborne Forest Fire Monitor
and Extinguisher (AF2ME)
4. Airborne Tanker for Fire Extinguisher (ATFF)
5. Etc.
IV. Airborne Environmental Surveillance
1. Airborne Research for Mother
Earth (ARME)
The monitoring of all aspects concerning
mother earth, the sustainability of all life
living on her surface.
2. Airborne Marine
Environment Monitoring and Rescue (AMEMR)
3. Airborne Earth Terrestrial
Environment Research and Rehabilitation (AETER2)
4.
Airborne Earth Geological Observation and Reporting (AEOGR)
5. Airborne Worldwide
Environmental Protection (AWEP)
6. Worldwide Airborne Search
and Rescue (WAGSR)
7. Etc.
V. Worldwide Disaster Relief
1. Airborne
Disaster Relief (ADR).
2. Airborne Malnourishment Relief (AMR)
3. Airborne Earthquake and Tsunami
Relief (AETR)
4. Etc.
VI. Flying Health Organization (FHO)
1.
Airborne Global Hospital (AGH)
2. Airborne World Training
Hospital (AWTH)
3. Airborne World Health Organization (AWHO)
4. Etc.
VII. New Industries Surface Having Sky Access
1. Airborne Cereal Farm and Industry (ACFI)
From preparation, planting,
harvesting, packaging, for delivery by air to
market place.
2. Airborne Cattle Farm and Industry
(ACFI)
From cattle farm to production
of canned meat and dairy products for delivery
by air to market place.
3. Airborne Worldwide Fishing and Industry
(AWFI)
From fish farming to sea and
ocean catch, either canned fish or fresh catch for
delivery to market place by air
regionally or internationally.
4. Airborne Worldwide Flower
Industry (AWFI)
From the farming of flowers to
harvesting, selecting, and packaging for delivery to
market place by air regionally and
worldwide.
5. Etc.
VIII.
Worldwide Science and Technical Exchange
1. Airborne Professional Training (APT)
2. Airborne International
Education (AIE)
3. Airborne World University
(AWU)
4. Etc.
IX. World Emergency Assistance
1. Airborne World Emergency Aid (AWEA)
2. Airborne Drought Disaster Relief
(AD2R)
3. Airborne Deluge Disaster
Assistance (AD2A)
4. Etc.
X. World Desert Agriculture
1. Airborne Tanker for Highland
Irrigation (ATHI)
2. Airborne Tanker for Draught Relief (ATDR)
3. Airborne Worldwide Wasteland Reforestation Initiative (AW2RI)
4. Etc.
XI.
Worldwide Vertical Farming in
cities
1. Airborne Vertical Farming (AVF)
The coaching of vertical farming in cities and their suburbs across the globe.
2. Etc.
XII. And so on
---------end---------
H.M.Rusli Harahap
Jalan Batu Pancawarna I/2A, Pulomas
Jakarta. 13210. Indonesia.
Phone Home: +6221 - 74631125
HP 62+ 0821 2230 0783
HP 62+ 0821 2230 0783